### Understanding Your Home's Plumbing Anatomy

The $15,000 System That Can Cause $50,000 in Damage

Modern plumbing systems are complex networks of supply lines, drainage systems, fixtures, and appliances. Understanding how these components interact helps you maintain them effectively and prevent expensive failures.

Water Supply System Components:

1. Main Water Line and Shut-offs

- Municipal connection or private well - Main shutoff valve (know location!) - Water meter and backflow prevention - Pressure regulation (40-80 PSI optimal)

2. Distribution Piping

Pipe Material Lifespans: - Copper: 50-70 years (most reliable) - PEX: 25-40 years (freeze resistant) - CPVC: 25-40 years (temperature sensitive) - Galvanized steel: 15-25 years (replacement recommended)

3. Fixtures and Appliances

Component Lifespans and Replacement Costs: - Water heater: 8-12 years ($1,200-$3,000) - Toilets: 15-25 years ($300-$800 each) - Faucets: 10-15 years ($150-$500 each) - Garbage disposal: 8-15 years ($200-$600)

Drainage System Components:

1. Waste Lines and Venting

- Main sewer line to municipal system/septic - Branch drains serving fixtures - Vent stack for proper drainage - Cleanouts for maintenance access

2. Traps and P-traps

- Water seals prevent sewer gas infiltration - Must maintain water in traps - Common failure points for clogs - Easy DIY maintenance and replacement

The True Cost of Plumbing Failures:

Water Damage Cascade Effect: - Burst pipe → Immediate flooding → Structural damage → Mold growth → Health hazards → Insurance claims → Displacement costs Typical Repair Costs by Problem: - Burst pipe repair: $500-$2,000 - Water damage remediation: $3,000-$15,000 - Mold remediation: $2,000-$10,000 - Structural repairs: $5,000-$25,000 - Total incident cost: $10,500-$52,000