Systematic auditing ensures comprehensive assessment while maintaining safety and accuracy. Follow this proven methodology used by professional auditors, adapted for DIY implementation.
Phase 1: Preparation and Documentation (2-3 Hours)
Gather Historical Data:
Collect 12 months of utility bills showing usage patterns and costs. Note seasonal variations and any unusual spikes indicating potential problems. Calculate average monthly consumption and costs for baseline comparison.
Review Home Characteristics:
Document home age, size, construction type, and major renovations. Identify heating and cooling systems, insulation types, and window characteristics. Note any known problems or recent improvements.
Plan Audit Timing:
Conduct audits during temperature extremes when energy systems work hardest and thermal differences are most pronounced. Winter audits reveal heating losses while summer audits identify cooling inefficiencies.
Safety Preparation:
Ensure proper ladder safety, wear appropriate protective equipment, and avoid auditing during severe weather. Have flashlights readily available and inform others of your audit plans.
Phase 2: Visual Inspection of Building Envelope (4-6 Hours)
Exterior Inspection:
Walk around your home's perimeter examining the foundation, walls, windows, doors, and roofline. Look for:
- Cracks in foundation or siding
- Gaps around windows and doors
- Missing or damaged caulking
- Roof damage or missing shingles
- Damaged or disconnected gutters affecting moisture management
Interior Envelope Assessment:
Systematically examine each room for:
- Air leaks around windows and doors (use smoke pencils on windy days)
- Electrical outlets and switches on exterior walls (remove cover plates to check for insulation)
- Gaps in baseboards and crown molding
- Fireplace dampers and glass doors
- Attic access panels and stairways
Basement and Crawl Space Inspection:
These areas often contain major thermal losses:
- Rim joist insulation and air sealing
- Foundation wall insulation
- Ductwork condition and insulation
- Pipes requiring insulation
- Air leaks around utility penetrations
Phase 3: HVAC System Assessment (3-4 Hours)
Heating System Evaluation:
Examine furnaces, boilers, and heat pumps for:
- Filter condition and proper sizing
- Visible rust, corrosion, or damage
- Proper clearances and ventilation
- Age and efficiency ratings (look for yellow Energy Guide labels)
- Thermostat accuracy and programming
Ductwork Analysis:
Inspect accessible ductwork for:
- Visible leaks or disconnections
- Insulation condition and thickness
- Proper support and routing
- Register and return air blockages
- Balance between supply and return air systems
Cooling System Check:
Air conditioning systems require specific attention:
- Refrigerant line insulation
- Condenser unit condition and clearances
- Indoor coil cleanliness and drainage
- Proper electrical connections and controls
Phase 4: Appliance and Lighting Assessment (2-3 Hours)
Major Appliance Evaluation:
Document age, efficiency ratings, and condition of:
- Water heaters (note temperature settings and insulation)
- Refrigerators and freezers (check door seals and temperature settings)
- Washers and dryers (examine venting and lint buildup)
- Dishwashers (look for leaks and efficient cycle options)
Lighting System Analysis:
Catalog existing lighting throughout your home:
- Bulb types and wattages in each fixture
- Usage patterns for different areas
- Opportunities for LED conversion
- Presence of dimmer switches and controls
Electronics and Phantom Loads:
Identify devices consuming standby power:
- Entertainment systems and computers
- Kitchen appliances with digital displays
- Charging stations and power adapters
- Any device with indicator lights when "off"