Professional auditors consistently find energy waste in predictable locations. Understanding these common problem areas helps DIY auditors focus attention where issues are most likely and savings potential is greatest.
Air Leakage Hot Spots
Attic Interfaces:
The junction between living spaces and attics contains numerous penetration points allowing air leakage:
- Recessed lighting fixtures (especially older models)
- Electrical and plumbing penetrations
- Attic access hatches without proper sealing
- HVAC equipment and ductwork connections
- Chimney and flue chases
Basement and Crawl Space Connections:
Lower levels connect to living spaces through:
- Rim joist areas where floors meet foundation walls
- Utility penetrations for plumbing, electrical, and gas lines
- Stairway connections and door seals
- Window wells and basement windows
- Sill plate connections
Window and Door Assemblies:
These moving components develop leaks over time:
- Weatherstripping deterioration around operable windows
- Door thresholds and side seals
- Storm door and window connections
- Window sash and frame joints
- Sliding door track areas
Insulation Problem Zones
Thermal Bridging Locations:
Building components that conduct heat through the envelope:
- Steel studs and beams in walls and roofs
- Concrete foundation connections to framing
- Window and door frames without thermal breaks
- Cantilevers and architectural projections
- Balcony and deck connections
Insulation Gaps and Voids:
Areas where insulation installation was incomplete:
- Around electrical boxes and fixtures
- Behind plumbing in exterior walls
- Around HVAC ducts and equipment
- In irregularly shaped spaces like knee walls
- Where different building materials meet
HVAC System Inefficiencies
Ductwork Problems:
Distribution systems lose substantial energy through:
- Disconnected or poorly connected joints
- Damaged flexible ducts
- Undersized return air systems
- Ducts routed through unconditioned spaces
- Missing or inadequate duct insulation
Equipment Issues:
Mechanical systems lose efficiency due to:
- Oversized equipment cycling frequently
- Dirty or clogged air filters
- Refrigerant leaks in cooling systems
- Improper thermostat calibration or location
- Blocked or closed supply and return vents