### Understanding Window and Door Systems

The $25,000 Investment That Controls Your $2,200 Annual Energy Bill

Windows and doors are complex systems combining multiple materials and technologies to provide security, weather protection, natural light, and ventilation. Understanding how these systems work helps you maintain them effectively.

Window System Components:

1. Window Types and Lifespans

Single-Hung Windows: - Lifespan: 15-30 years - Common problems: Sash cord failure, air leaks - Maintenance: Annual lubrication, weather stripping - Energy efficiency: Poor to moderate Double-Hung Windows: - Lifespan: 20-40 years - Common problems: Balance system failure, warping - Maintenance: Quarterly cleaning, annual adjustment - Energy efficiency: Good with proper maintenance Casement Windows: - Lifespan: 20-50 years - Common problems: Crank mechanism wear, seal failure - Maintenance: Annual lubrication, weather stripping check - Energy efficiency: Excellent when properly maintained Sliding Windows: - Lifespan: 20-30 years - Common problems: Track obstruction, roller wear - Maintenance: Regular track cleaning, roller adjustment - Energy efficiency: Good to very good

2. Window Materials and Maintenance Needs

Wood Windows: - Maintenance: Paint every 3-5 years, annual inspection - Problems: Rot, swelling, paint failure - Cost: High maintenance, beautiful appearance - Lifespan: 30-50 years with proper care Vinyl Windows: - Maintenance: Annual cleaning, weather stripping check - Problems: UV degradation, thermal expansion - Cost: Low maintenance, moderate efficiency - Lifespan: 20-40 years Aluminum Windows: - Maintenance: Annual lubrication, corrosion check - Problems: Thermal bridging, corrosion - Cost: Low maintenance, poor efficiency - Lifespan: 15-30 years Fiberglass Windows: - Maintenance: Minimal, annual inspection - Problems: Expensive repairs, limited styles - Cost: Very low maintenance, excellent efficiency - Lifespan: 30-50 years

Door System Components:

1. Entry Door Types

Solid Wood Doors: - Maintenance: Annual staining/painting, hardware lubrication - Lifespan: 30-100+ years with care - Problems: Weathering, warping, hardware wear - Cost: High maintenance, excellent security Steel Entry Doors: - Maintenance: Paint touch-ups, weather stripping replacement - Lifespan: 20-30 years - Problems: Rust, dents, thermal bridging - Cost: Moderate maintenance, good security Fiberglass Doors: - Maintenance: Minimal cleaning, hardware check - Lifespan: 25-50 years - Problems: UV fading, impact damage - Cost: Low maintenance, good efficiency

The True Cost of Poor Window and Door Maintenance:

Energy Loss from Air Infiltration: - Single-family home average loss: $400-$800 annually - Comfort issues and uneven temperatures - HVAC system strain and premature failure - Indoor air quality problems Moisture Infiltration Damage: - Wood rot and structural damage: $2,000-$15,000 - Mold growth and remediation: $3,000-$10,000 - Interior finish damage: $1,000-$8,000 - Total preventable damage: $6,000-$33,000